A1 – Beginner

Understands and uses familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases. Can introduce themselves and others, ask and answer simple questions (e.g. about where they live, people they know, or things they have). Can communicate in a simple way if the other person speaks slowly and clearly and is willing to help.

A2 – Elementary

Understands frequently used sentences and expressions related to everyday topics (e.g. personal information, shopping, work, surroundings). Can communicate in simple and routine situations and describe basic aspects of their background and immediate environment.

B1 – Intermediate

Understands the main points of clear standard speech on familiar topics such as work, school or leisure. Can deal with most situations likely to arise while travelling. Can produce simple, connected texts and talk about experiences, events, hopes and plans, and briefly explain opinions.

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Understands the main ideas of complex texts, including technical discussions in their own field. Can interact with native speakers fluently and spontaneously. Can express opinions clearly and in detail on a wide range of topics.

C1 – Advanced

Understands a wide range of demanding, longer texts and recognises implicit meaning. Can express themselves fluently and spontaneously. Uses language flexibly and effectively for social, academic, and professional purposes. Can produce clear, well-structured, detailed texts on complex subjects.

C2 – Near-native fluency

Understands virtually everything heard or read with ease. Can summarise information from various spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. Can express themselves very fluently, precisely, and naturally—even in complex situations.